Side-force and danger indicator



M. I. KLEIN. SIDE FORCE AND DANGER INDCATOR- APPLICATION FILED OCT. 24' I916- RENEWED JULY 281 i920- Patented Mill'- 2 suns-sun l 'ATTOR/VEY M. l KLEIN.

SIDE FORCE AND DANGER INDICATOR. APPLICATION FILED on. 24. I916. RENEWED JULY 28. 1920.

INVENTOR jiy d A TTOR/VEY -UNITED STATES "PATENT OFFICE.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF SIXTY ONE-HUNDREDTHS TO HUGO B. ROELKER, OF NEW YORK, N. 'Y.

SIDE-FORCE AND DANGER. INDICATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

Application filed October 24, 1916, Serial No. 127,340. Renewed July 28, 1920. Serial No. 399,624.

7 '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATHIAS J. KLEIN, a .4011 oi the United States,-and resident of how York, in the borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in SideForcc and Danger Indicators, of which the following is a specification. This invention relates to indicators to be used on motor vehicles, automobiles and other vehicles, having three or more road wheels; its object being to show, in the first place, the dangerto the vehicle of being turned over when the latter is moving in a curve at a more or less high-speed, and secondly, to show the so-i zallcd .sideforce acting sidewisc on the vehicle, to the right or to the left.

The device described in this specification is of nature similar to that, described in my former application, Side-force and danger indicators, Ser. No. 834,114, filed April 2%, 1.914; allowed Se )t. 14:, 1917, and renewed March 22, 1918, er. No. 224,051, Patent 1,309,574, issued July 8, 1919.

The invention consists of straight or curved communicating glass tubes, (the latter at their lower ends being usually connccted by one glass tube common to all), with a liquid oscillating in said tubes, and connected to a base plate, the latter having a dial on which are always two so called danger-marks (or danger-hands,sometim s; called low danger-marks or hands), which have fixed or variable positions on the dial; one of them acting for right hand iurns, and the other for left hand turns oi? the vehicle; (if there areimore than two dangeranarks on the dial, two of them are only acting at a certain time, corresponding to a CGItillIl load of the vehicle) one or two electric alarm bells are also connected to thearrangement. The positions of the two acting danger-marks or hands on said dial hav a lixcd relation to the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle carrying a certain load.

Said dial may be without a scale or pair of scales. but usually it is provided with one pair (or more pairs) of scales and the latter maybe non-variable (constant) or variable Scales (so-called sideatorw scales); the liquid level of the oscillating liquid in the conmmnicating glass tubes oscillating always around a fixed center of the indicator and acting as an indexdiand, and showing on said pairs of scales, the side-force acting on the vehicle, and when either of said acting danger-marks (or hands) is reached by said liquid level, the vehicle is turned over by said side-force to the right or to the left hand side. It therefore, (vehicle moving in any curve on a level or banked road), the liquid level (as index-hand) comes more or less near to one of said two acting danger-marks or hands). the vehicle is more or less in danger oi being turned over. The acting danger-marks (or hands) change their positions on the dial usually with the load of the vehicle. The variable side-force scales show the side-force directly, and the non-variable (constant) scales indirectly, no scales on the dial would only show the turn over danger of the vehicle, but the side-force of course could be roughly estimated, as the index-head (liquid level) changes its position between the zer0- point and one of the acting danger-marks. Said alarm hell or bells commence to ring before the turn over danger is reached by the turning vehicle. I

The definition of center line, of side normal, of side-force angle. of turn over angle, of turn over side-force, of tangent of side-force angle, of tangent oi turn over angle and its value, is the same as in my former application above mentioned. The side-force (acting always on the center of gravity of the loaded or an loaded vehicle, in the direction of said side normal), is shown by the index-hand (liquid level) of the indicator on a side-force scale of the dial, in percentage of the turn over side force (not its absolute value) and said side force increases in the same proportion as the tangent oi the side-force angle increases. The danger-marks (or hands) on the dial, (corresponding to the turn over angle of the liquid level), represent always the 100% (1005,) sideforce (the turn over side-force of the vehicle), and are marked with 100,, but may be marked in some other way; if the liquid level (as index-hand) reaches, for instance, the20 mark(or hand) of a sideforce scale, when the vehicle isturning in a curve, a side-force of 20 or 20% (that is 20/100 or 1/5 of the turn over side-force) is shown. 100 times the tangent of the turn. over angle, would give the position of the corresponding danger-mark (or hand) on a non-variable grade scale; this is the fixed relotion between the position of the dangerniariqs (or hands) on the dial, and the posi tion oi the center of gravity oi the loaded. or unloaded vehicle. It the vehicle stands (or moves straight) on a level road, the index-hand (liquid level) of the indicator must point to the zero-mark oi the dial (showing a side-force 0t 0%). The line of said zero-point (or mark) to the turning axis of the liquid level, is the so-called zeroline oi the dial. which has always a horizontal position. when the vehicle is standing on a level road. On one scale of each pair of scales, is shown the side-force for right hand turns, and on the other scale of said pair of scales, is shown the side-torce for left hand turns of the vehicle; said indicator is ther tore a double acting indicator.

If only one electric alarm hell is to the indicator, 7 the lower limit oi? the so-called danger zone is reached or the side-force cting on the turning vehicle; the owner ll or? said danger zone is always at 106 SlClGuOlCQ (the connected commences to ring when turn ver side-force). while it lower limit may he at or 8th or even at 9 sideforce. said lower linnt ct the danger zone may he placed at a fixed sideatorce, for it stance at 85 or it may he changeable (hetween and 90 sidet'orcc), according to indicator construction. If two alarm hells (of different sounds) are used on the indi cator arrangement. the first alarm hell is given before the lower limit or danger zone is reached (5 r instance or at side-force), and the second al (when both cells are ringing) is i when the lower limit- 0 (say or side-force) s reached.

n the foregoing. the two acting- (or hands) are placed usually at lower 11121. 1 than 1 7 :1 1.

(01 005) site ioico 1 2 called the lower limit. oi "he danger zone) 1 J V nano'enhands turn over marks (or h s laind that at 9 s.. (or 85 sidedorce, out the danger of turn over ot the vehicle is not far away.

Should a more (1' less strong wind power act on one sic e or" the turning" vehicle, the turn over side-force is not at 100. side-force. but somewhat higher or lower than 130 Said double acting indicator in "st he mounted on a four wheeled vehicle (the atter standing on a level road), in sucha way that the oscillation or turning axis of the liquid level is parallel and near to the center I the vehicle and its liquid lcve| (as int. hand) points to the zero-point. otherwise ts pl-ice on the vehicle is optional; it is usual placed on the dashboard ot the motor vehicle in front oi the vehicle driver.

On a tour wheeled vehicle said indi *ator always gives correct indications when the vehicle turning on a level or banked road. but on a three wheeled vehicle the indications of said double acting indicator are only nearl correct.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l is a front *iew, and Fig. 2 a hor zontal section of a double a ting sidei'orc and danger in dicator. with one electric alarm hell and a pair of (constant) grade sales on its dial.--- Fig. is a front view of a double acting; indicator, having two alarm hells and a pair of sidedorce scalw on its dial. tor a vehicle, carrying; always the same 'i new and Fig. 5 a

for variable lOZlt i upper part ol? the an iin lcator, with l two alarms o cnrnla i lli'il'lllll' a pair of sidelorce scales on its .ial. and

double ac 1 t. curved corn one alarm hell; the la nccted to the glass tul 1 or 3.-.i. o a horizmital sectin ct cator, wtl one ahirni l 1 seal 25 0" .r 15 similarly as slfiowi'i in l is a tron" of the vehicle.

T he oscillati ill the communicating ass tubes is a non Freezing liquid, and

172* a somewhat good condor for n in :e. nier' i th a certain per sulfuric acid.

Sninlar letters oi esponding parts in o a 1 A 11.. ll, indicator o' f electricity, as

Q- notion ot' watc- A 4 n7 to 30%) ol irraneeinent shown in the Figs. 1 and 2, he two straight vertical ,Qlass tubes and T oi the some or of ditierent SIZE 1. :1; d at 1' ton. lower ends l they are lilled up L zero line oi the vii-freezing liquid.

. {.L, 1 (tin rill.

[1) indicator) it. The

how: C (of.

upper part have any other location on the vehicle). The liquid in the glass tubes T, T", T, oscillates around the horizontal axis t,'t; the two danger hands H and H are usually so adjusted that they show always the 100, (100%) side-force, (the turn over side-force) when reached by the oscillating liquid level in the tubes; on said pair of grade-scales, the side-force is shown indirectly. The two pins of the dan er-hands H andH move in the slots 19 and p of base-plate A respectively, and thereby the indicating ends of H and 11' move verticall up and down on said pair of verticalgra e scales; the hand screw it keeps said danger-hands H and H in fixed positions. The caps z' and 11 of the glass tubes T and T having each an adjustable vertical rod 1* and 1 respectively, which are raised or lowered according to the lower limit of the danger zone for a certain load of the vehicle; small holesin said caps allow air to go in and out of said glass tubes when the liquid is oscillating in the tubes T, T and T A wire from the positive pole of battery B enters at e the lower end of the glass tube T, and is there constantly intouch with said oscillating li uid; if now the vehicle moves in a curve on a level or banked road), and the side-force acting on the vehicle is raised to the lower limit of the danger zone, the liquid level touches the lower end of rod 1' by a right hand turn, and the lower end'of rod Z by a left hand turn of the vehicle; now the electric current passes from the positive pole of battery B to c in the liquid, and then (by a right hand turn) to rod 7" and wire to f, or (by a left hand turn) to rod Z and wire to); from here the current enters thexalarm box C at g, goes through the windings of a small electro-magnetto h and then to the negative pole of battery B; now the anchor of said electro-magnet is attracted, a hammer strikes on bell b and thereby the current is.

interrupted, a spring throws the anchor back and closes the circuit again; in'this way the bell b of the alarm box C is ringing as long as one of the rods r or Z is in touch with said liquid. If the tangent of the turn over angle is, for instance, 0.53, for a certain load of the vehicle (for right and left hand turns),

the danger-hands Hand H are set each a larger diameter than T, n is larger than m.

It the danger hand H would be turned 180 to the position t 0, and the grade scale ()0 (on the left of tube T) removed to 00 (on the right of tube T it would represent a modification of the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and work exactly in same way as before described, of course a small part of the upper end of grade scale 00 must remain in order to adjust the rod '1 for different loads of the vehicle.

The straight vertical glass tubes T and T of the indicator shown in Fig. 3, having their upper and lower ends connected by horizontal glass tubes, all four tubes may have the same size, or they may have different sizes, the lower horizontal tube is 7' reduced in size; said communicating tubes T and T are filled with a liquid up to the horizontal level 0 t O (the zero line of the indicator), and connected to the base plate A the latter is connected to the dash board of a motor vehicle; to said base plate are also connected the electric battery B and the two alarm boxes C and C with the bells b and b respectively, the latter are of different sounds. The dial 0 (Z on base plate A (on the right of tube T is provided. with a pair of side-force scales O0 and (M on which are shown the sideforces directly for right and left hand turns of the Vehicle corresponding to a certain load, the level of the oscillating liquid in the tubes oscillates around t If the tangent of the turn over angle of said load. is, for instance, 0.63 (for right and left hand turns), the two danger-marks 100 must be placed each at 63,, of a grade scale. Said indicator is so arranged, that the first :llitll'il is given at and the second alarm at 90 side-force. From the point on baseplate A, are branching off the three wires f f r and 7 Z and. from the point f on basei i plate A are branching off the three wires f g, f r and f F; at the four fixed points 11", Z and r Z of the glass tubes T and T the four wires f 0 f Z and f 1 f Z enter inside of said tubes and coming there in touch with said oscillating liquid, when sideforces of. 70 respective 90 are reached by the turning vehicle. The two alarm boxes C and C have the same construction as the alarm box C of Fig. l, and are connected with the battery current in parallel. From the positive pole ofbattery B (Fig. 8), a Wire enters at e the lower horizontal glass tube, and is there at all times in touch with the oscillating liquid; the points h and 71 of the alarm boxes G and C are connected by wires with the negative pole of battery B. If the turning vehicle reaches a sideforce of 70 the bell b (of box C commences to ring, the first alarm is given, and if said side-force reaches 90 (the lower limit of the danger zone), the second alarm is given, both bells b and b are now ringing (as is easy to see from the arrangement shown), and the vehicle driver is thereby informed that it is dangerous to increase the sidetorce oi the turning vehicle much more.

If the two hammers of the alarm boxes C and C would strike at the second alarm the same hell (say bell b and letting hell 6 away). said second alarm would usually also be diii'erent from the first alarm, but in case each stroke oi the two hammers would take place exactly at the same time. said second alarm (the most important one) might be misunderstood to be only the first alarm. therefore. it is advisable with two alarms. to use two bells of different sounds.

llhile the idicator shown in Fig. gives two alarms for a fixed load of the vehicle. the indicator shown in Figs. l; and (partly only). gives also two alarms. but for variahlc loads of the vehicle. The cap i in the straight vertical glass tube T is a nonconductor of electricity (like ivory), it carries the two ustable rods Z and Z. which are kept in position by the screws 7 and 1* respectively; said rods are so adjusted that (by a left hand turn or the vehicle), 1* comes in touch with the oscillating liquid in glass tube T, when the first alarm is to be given (say at '71 sidedorce). and one hell rings. that 7 comes also in touch with the oscillating liquid. when the lower limitof the danger zone (say 90 is reached, and both alarm bells are ringing. The upper part oi the left hand straigln vertical glass tube of the indicator (not shown). in the same way arranged for right hand turns ot the vehicle. The glass tubes of the inoicator are connected to base-plate it. the dial on the latter is provided with a pair of nonvariable grade scales. The wire connections oi the electric battery with the two alarm bells (not shown). is the same as shown in Fig. 3.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6, (of the indicator arrangement shown partly in Figs. 4 and 5). two straight vertica glass tubes T and T on the right are coniniunieating with two similar constructed glass tubes on the left, (instead of one tube on each side), they are connected to base-plate A The two caps Z and Z (which 111: conductors or non-conductors oi: electricity) carry' the two adjustable rods Z and Z respectively, which are kept in position. Z by screw Z and Z by screw Z when the oscillating liquid in glass tube '5 (by leit hand turn of the vehicle) touches the rod Z (say at the first alarm (one hell ringing) is given. and when said oscillating liquid touches rod Z in tube T (say at 83.). second alarm (two hells are ringing) is given, indicating. that the sid -force of the lower limit or the danger zone is reached by the turning vehicle. The dial on base-plate A is also provided with a pair of non-variable grade scales, on which the side-force acting on the turning vehicle is shown indirectly. Instead of two straight vertical glass tubes on each side of said double acting indicator, more than two tubes might be used on each side, and in the indicator arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, also more than one straight vertical glass tube might be used on each side of the indicator. The slots 1)" and p" in the Figs. l and (3. have the same purpose as the slots 1) and p in Fig. 1.

In the indicator arrangement shown in Figs. 8 and 9 with one alarm bell. the straight vertical glass tube T (on the left) is communicating with the two straight vertical glass tubes T and T (on the right) by means of the horizontal glass tube T they are filled with a liquid up to the horizontal level OZ O (the zero-line of the indicator), and connected to the base plate A; the liquid level of the oscillating liquid in the tubes oscillates around the horizontal axis if 2.. On said base plate are five pairs of side-force scales No. 1, 2-, 3, 4, 5. corresponding to five different loads of the vehicle. From the live points ,16 u u and 14. on said base plate A, live pairs of wires branching oil", five wires go to the right and five to the left, the latter five wires enter at fixed places inside of the glass tube T and three, respective two. (of: the other five wi. {Icing to the right) enter at fixed places in side of the glass tubes T and T each end of said wires comes in touch with the oscillating liquid level in said communicating tubes, when the lower limit of the danger zone S3. is reached by the side-forces corresponding to the live different loads of the vehicle for right and left hand turns. A. switch lever turning around Q on base plate A brings any pair of said five pairs of wire branches in connection with q, and thereby with the negative pole of battery B the latter and the alarm box C (with bell (2 are also connected to said base plate A. The positive pole of said battery is connected with 5/ of said alarm box C the electric current leaves at h said box. a wire connecting it with c and entering there inside of glass tube T is constantly in touch with the oscillating liquid in said tubes. If new the vehicle carries load No. 2, said switch lever is shifted to a and the sideforce acting on the turning vehicle is shown directly on the pair of side-force scales No. 9', and whenever said sidc-itori'ze. by a right or lefthand turn of the vehicle, reaches 83., (the lower limit oi the danger Zone), the hell 6 in alarm box C rings; the arrangement works in the same way by the other four loads of the vehicle. The danger marks (100 for right and left hand turns of the vehicle) of the five difi'erent Vehicle loads. corresponding relatively to: 62 49 ll and 40 of a non-variable grade scale.

The indicator shown in Fig. 3 (with two alarms) may have its communicating tubes T and T curved like the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 (with one alarm bell), where the circular curved communicating glass tubes T and T are connected above and below by horizontal glass tubes, the lower one is re duced in size by 9', they are connected to a base plate and filled with a-liquid up to the horizontal level 0 26 0 (the zero-line of the indicator), the oscillating liquid level turns around t which is the center of the glass tube circles of T and T said tubes may have the same or different sizes, if T is thinner than tube T the latter is nearer to 2& than T The dial on the base-plate of the double acting indicator, is provided with a pair of side-force scales for one load of the vehicle; the scale divisions of said scales are decreasing in size from zero up to the danger-marks, while the scale divisions of all scales (sideforce scales as Well as non-variable grade scales) are constant, when the indicator has straight vertical communicating glass tubes (one on each side or more than one on each side of the indicator). The indicator arrangements shown in Figs. 3 and 7, may also have (a plurality of) four pairs of sideforce scales on the dial, corresponding to fourdifi'erent loads of the vehicle.

The indicator shown in Figs. 8 and 9, with one alarm on the lower limit of the danger zone for a plurality of different vehicle loads,may have instead of straight vertical communicating glass tubes, circular curved communicating glass tubes, like the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 or in a similar way arranged.

. Inorder to bring the oscillations of the liquid: level in the communicating glass tubes quickly to rest, different methodsare used. On the indicator shown in the Figs. 1

and 2, a thin glass tube T is used for connecting the straight vertical communicating tubes; in the Figs. 3 and 7, the lower connect'ing tubes are reduced in size by j and j respectively, and in Fig. 8, small holes on top of the straight vertical glass tubes T, T and T are used. A small stop valve in the lower (or upper) connecting tube may also be used for the same purpose.

In the foregoing, the turn over'angles for right and left handturns, are described to be of the same size, but theymay have different sizes.

- A vehicle moving straight on a banked road, shows also a side-force, inthat case said side-force when shown on a grade scale,

represents the banking grade of the road.

When a strong wind acts on the r1ght hand side of the vehicle by a right hand turn,

, or on theleft hand side by a left hand turn of the vehicle, the turn over of the latter will occur, before the side-forcereaches one of the 100, marks (or danger-marks) but a strong wind acting on the left by a right hand turn,

supply the current, instead, thereof, an

equivalent arrangement may be used, for in stance, a small dynamo (driven by the motor of the vehicle) may be employed; said current could also be used for other purposes, for producing the electric light of the vehicle, etc. Said communicating glass tubes are usually connected at their lower ends by one glass tube, but more than one tube may be used for the same purpose.

I do not limit myself to the constructions shown in the drawing; equivalent construetions may be used instead thereof.

. Having thus described my invention, I claim as new, and. desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a double acting side-force and danger indicator for vehicles, the combination of a base-plate, two or more straight communicating glass tubes with a liquid oscillating in the latter on said base-plate, the level of said liquid oscillating around a fixed center of the indicator for right and. left hand turns of-the vehicle, a dial on said base-plate having two adjustable dangerhands and a pair of non-variable scales, an electric battery or its equivalent, and an alarm bell, the wire of one pole of said battery entering at a lower place inside of said communicatingglass tubes and being constantly connected with the oscillating liquid in said tubes, the other pole of said battery is connected with said alarm bell, from the latter two wires branching off, one of them being connected to an adjustable rod on the right, and the other to an adjustable rod on the left, said rods entering the upper ends of said communicating glass tubes and coming in touch with the oscillating liquid in said tubes when the side-force acting on the turning vehicle is reaching the lower limit 115 of the danger zone, the rod on the left, by a right hand turn, and the rod on the right, by a left hand turn of the vehicle, thereby closing the electric circuit to ring said alarm bell, said two rods being adjusted ac- 12 cording to the load of the vehicle, the posi tions of said danger-hands on said dial having a fixed relation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle, the plane of said communicating 'glass tubes 125 with their zero-line being near and normal to the center line of the vehicle, the level of said oscillating liquid acting as an indexhand on said scales, and showing thereby on the latter when the vehicle is moving in a 130 curve on a level or banked road, indirectly the side-torce acting; on the turning vehicle, and the increased danger of the latter being turned over when first, aid alarm bell coniinences to ring, and then when the level of said oscillating liquid comes more or less close to one of said two danger-hands.

2. In a double actingside-torce and danger indicator for vehicles, the combination of a base-plate. straight or curved communicating glass tubes with a liquid oscillating in the latter on said base-plate. th level of said liquid oscillating around a fixed center of the indicator for right and left hand turns of the vehicle, a dial on said base plate having two dangei marlts. and a pair oi? side-force scales, an electric battery or its equivalent, and two electric alarl'n bells of dil'lerent sounds. the wire of one battery pole entering at a lower place inside of said communicating glass tubes and being con stantly in touch with the oscillating liquid in said tubes, the other pole of said batter is (onnected with said two alarm bells in parallel, from each of the latter a pair of wires branch off, one wire of each pair going to the right, and the other wire of each pair g ing to the left. two wires of said four branches enteringat fixed places at the righhand the other two wires entering at fixed places at the left, of said communicat inn" tubes the wire pair of one alarm bell coming in touch with said oscillating); liquid by a right or left hand turn when the sideforce acting; on the turning vehicle reaches a fixed point below the lower limit of the danger zone, thereby closing the circuit, and said one alarm bell is ringing, the wire pair oi the other alarm bell coming in touch with said oscillating liquid by a right or left hand turn, when the side-force reaches the lower limit of the danger zone, thereby closing the circuit branch operating the other alarm bell. and both alarm bells are now ringing. the positions of said danger-marks id dial having a fixed relation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle. the plane of said comrnuni cat-inc; glass tubes with their Zero-line being near and normal to the center line of the vehicle, the level of said oscillating liquid acting as an index-hand on said pair of sideiorce scales, and showing thereby on the latter when the vehicle is moving" in a curve on a level or banked road. the side-force acting; on the turningvehicle, and by ringint: or. the first alarm bell indicating that a certain lower side-force is reached, and the increased danger of the vehicle being turned over is indicated when first. both alarm bells are ringing. and then when the level of said. oscillating liquid comes more or less close to one of said two danger-marks.

3. In a double acting side-force and danger-indicator for vehicles. the combination of a baseplate. two or more straight communicating glass tubes with a liquid oscillating in them on said base-plate, the level of said liquid oscillat'. around a fixed center oi the indicator hand turns of the vehicle. a dial on said base-plate having two adjustable dangerhands, and a pair of non-variable scales, an electric battery or its equivalent, and two electric wire of one batte y pole entering at a lower place inside of said communicating glass tubes and being constantly in touch with the oscillating liquid in -1aid tubes, the other pole of said battery is connected with said two alarm bells in parallel, from each of the latter a pair of wires branch oil, one wire of each pair going to the right, and the other wire of each pair going to the lci t. two wires of said four branches being connected each one to an adjustable rod on the right, and the other two wires being connected each one to an adjustable rod on the left, said four rods enter the upper ends of said communicating glass tubes, the two rods connected to one. alarm bell comingin touch with the oscillating; liquid in said tubes, by a ri ht respective left hand turn of the vehicle, when the side-force acting on the vehicle reaches a fixed point below the lower limit of the danger zone, thereby closing the circuit and said one alarm bell is ringing, the two rods connected to the other alarm bell coming in touch with said oscillating liquid by a right respective left hand turn,

when the side-force reaches the lower limit oi the danger zone, thereby closing the circuit branch opera-ting said other alarm bell, and both alarm bells are now ringing, said 'four rods being adjusted according to the load of th vehicle, the positions of said two danger-hands on said dial having a fixed relation to the position of the center of gravity of the loaded vehicle, the plane of said communicating glass tubes with their zero-line being near and normal to the center line of the vehicle, the level of said oscillatine" liquid acting as an index-hand on said pair of scales, and showing thereby on the latter when the vehicle is moving in a curve on a level or banked road, indirectly the side-force acting on the turning vehicle, and by ringing of the first alarm'bell indicating, that a certain lower side-force is reached, and the increased danger of the vehicle being turned over is indicated when first, both alarm bells are ringing. and then when the level of said oscillating liquid comes more or less close to one of said two danger-hands.

at. In a double acting side-force and danger indicator for vehicles, the combination of a base-plate, straight or curved con1- municating glass tubes with a liquid oscillating in them on said base-plate, the level :11 for right and le'tt alarm bells ct diii'erent sounds, the

of said liquid oscillating around a fixed center of: the indicator for right and left hand turns of the vehicle, a dial on said base-plate having a plurality of pairs of side-force scales, corresponding to a plurality of different loads of the vehicle, the two 100 marks of each pair of scales are the two acting danger-marks on the dial, when said pair of scales is acting for a certain load of the vehicle, an electric battery or its equiva lent, and an electric alarm bell, the wire of one pole of said battery being connected with said alarm bell, and then the current wire entering at'a lower place inside of said communicating glass tubes and being constantly connected with the oscillating liquid. in said tubes, the other pole of said battery is connected with a switch, which directs the current to one of a plurality of pairs of wire branches, each pair corresponding to a certain vehicle load, one half of said two wire branches entering at fixed places at the right, and the'other half at fixed places at the left of said communicatin glass tubes, and coming in touch with said oscillating liquid, by a rightres ective left hand turn of the vehicle, when t e side-force acting on the turning vehicle reaches the lower limit of the danger zone, thereby closing the electric circuit and said alarm bell is ringing, the positions of the two acting dangermarks on the dial having a fixed relation to the position of the center of gravit of the corresponding load of the vehicle, t e plane of said communicating glass tubes with their zero-line being near and normal to the center line of the vehicle, the level of said oscillating liquid acting as an index-hand on said scales, and showing thereby on said acting pair of side-force scales when the vehicle is moving in a curve on a level or banked road, the side-force acting on the turning vehicle, and the increased danger of the latter being turned over, when first, said alarm bell commences to ring, and then, when the level of said oscillating liquid comes more or less close to one of said two acting danger-marks.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN. Witnesses:

D. LEWIS MATTERN, M. Mon WEINBERG. 

